Reducing the mahr is the Sunnah

 

I noticed that people nowadays are increasing the mahr (dowry) for marriage a great deal. 


Is this Sunnah? Does sharee’ah stipulate a certain limit for the mahr that should not be overstepped?.

Praise be to Allaah.
 

 

Marriage is one of the blessings of Allaah, and one of His
signs. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And among His Signs is
this, that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find
repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in
that are indeed signs for a people who reflect”

[al-Room 30:21] 

Allaah commanded guardians to arrange marriages for those who
are under their care, as He says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And marry those among
you who are single (i.e. a man who has no wife and the woman who has no
husband) and (also marry) the Saalihoon (pious, fit and capable ones) of
your (male) slaves and maid-servants (female slaves). If they be poor,
Allaah will enrich them out of His Bounty. And Allaah is All-Sufficient for
His creatures’ needs, All-Knowing (about the state of the people)”

[al-Noor 24:32] 

That is because of the great interests that are served by
marriage, such as increasing the numbers of the ummah, and causing the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to feel proud
before the other Prophets, and protecting both husband and wife from falling
into haraam… and other great benefits. 

But some guardians (walis) put obstacles in the way of
marriage, which prevented those under their care from getting married in
many cases.  

That is because they exaggerate concerning the mahr, and
demand huge dowries which a young man who wants to get married cannot
afford, until marriage becomes something extremely difficult for many of
those who want to get married. 

The mahr is a right that is given to the woman, as enjoined
by Islamic sharee’ah, as an expression of the man’s desire to marry her.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And give to the women
(whom you marry) their Mahr (obligatory bridal-money given by the husband to
his wife at the time of marriage) with a good heart”

[al-Nisa’ 4:4] 

This does not mean that the woman is a product to be sold,
rather it is a symbol of honour and respect, and a sign that the husband is
willing to shoulder his responsibilities and fulfil his duties. 

Sharee’ah does not stipulate a certain limit for the mahr
that should not be overstepped, but it does encourage reducing the mahr and
keeping it simple. 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “The best of marriage is that which is made easiest.” Narrated by Ibn
Hibbaan, classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, 3300. 

And he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“The best of mahrs is the simplest (or most affordable).” Narrated by
al-Haakim and al-Bayhaqi, classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
al-Jaami’, 3279. 

And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said to a man who wanted to get married: “Look (for something to give
as a dowry), even if it is a ring of iron.” Agreed upon. 

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
set the highest example for his ummah in that regard, so that a clear
understanding of the basic principles would be implanted in society, and a
spirit of simplicity would spread among the people. 

Abu Dawood (2125) and al-Nasaa’i (3375) narrated from Ibn
‘Abbaas that ‘Ali said: “I married Faatimah (may Allaah be pleased with her)
and said: ‘O Messenger of Allaah, let me go ahead with the marriage.’ He
said: ‘Give her something.’ I said: ‘I do not have anything.’ He said:
‘Where is your Hutami shield?’ I said, ‘I have it with me.’ He said, ‘Give
it to her.’” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i,
3160. 

This was the mahr of Faatimah, the daughter of the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the leader of
the women of Paradise. 

This reinforces the fact that in Islam, the mahr is not
something that is sought for its own sake. 

Ibn Maajah (1887) narrated that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab said:
“Do not go to extremes with regard to the dowries of women, for if that were
a sign of honour and dignity in this world or a sign of piety before Allaah,
then Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would have
done that before you. But he did not give any of his wives, and none of his
daughters were given, more than twelve uqiyah. A man may increase the dowry
until he feels resentment against her and says, ‘You cost me everything I
own, and caused me a great deal of hardship’.” Classed as saheeh by
al-Albaani in Saheeh Ibn Maajah, 1532. 

“Do not go to extremes”
means do not exaggerate in increasing the dowry. “A man may increase the
dowry until he feels resentment against her” means, until he begins to hate
her when he is still paying off the debts incurred because of this mahr
because it is too hard for him, or whenever he thinks about the matter.  

From Haashiyat al-Sindi ‘ala Ibn Maajah. 

Twelve uqiyah is
equivalent to 480 dirhams, i.e., approximately 135 silver riyals (134.4).
This was the mahr of the daughters and wives of the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him). 

Shaykh al-Islam [Ibn Taymiyah] said in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa,
32/194: 

Whoever thinks of
increasing his daughter’s mahr and asking for more than the daughters of the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were
given – when they were the best women in this world in all aspects – is an
ignorant fool. The same applies to asking for more than the Mothers of the
Believers were given. This applies even if one is well off and can afford
it. With regard to one who is poor, he should not give a mahr greater than
he can afford to pay without any hardship. 

He also said in al-Fataawa al-Kubra: 

The words of Imam Ahmad
according to the report of Hanbal imply that it is mustahabb for the dowry
to be four hundred dirhams. This is the correct view in cases where the man
can afford it. It is mustahabb to pay this amount and no more. 

In Zaad al-Ma’aad (5/178), Ibn al-Qayyim quoted some
of the ahaadeeth that indicate that the mahr should be reduced and that
there is no minimum amount. Then he said: 

These ahaadeeth indicate that there is no minimum amount for
the mahr… and that exaggerating concerning the mahr is makrooh, and that it
reduces its barakah (blessing). End quote. 

Hence it is clear that what people do nowadays, increasing
the mahr and exaggerating concerning it, is something that goes against the
sharee’ah. 

The wisdom behind reducing the mahr and not increasing it is
quote clear: 

This makes it easier for people to get married, so that they
will not be diverted from it, which will result in all kinds of moral and
social corruption. 

For more information on the harm caused by exaggerating
concerning the dowry, please see question no.
12572.